In this volume, the authors extend the calculus of finite differences to Dirac's equation. They obtain solutions for particles with negative mass that are completely equivalent to the solutions with positive mass. In addition, they obtain solutions for nuclear distances of the order of 10-13m and less rather than for the usual atomic distances. They report a number of other deviations from the differential theory, for instance they found a slight deviation in the eigenvalues of an electron in a Coulomb field, similar to the Lamb shift. In two sections some surprising results are shown for the concept of space caused by the replacement of "dx" by delta "x."

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Among the subjects reviewed in these Advances, the properties and computation of electromagnetic fields have been considered on several occasions. In particular, the early work of H.F. Harmuth on Maxwell's equations, which was highly controversial at the time, formed a supplement to the series
This volume, unlike previous volumes in the series concentrates solely on the research of professors' Harmuth and Meffert.
These studies raise important and fundamental questions concerning some of the basic areas of physics: electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics. They deserve careful study and reflection for although the authors do not attempt to provide the definitive answer to the questions, their work is undoubtedly a major step towards such an answer. This volume essential reading for those researchers and academics working applied mathematicians or theoretical physics
Unlike previous volumes, this book concentrates solely on the new research of professors Harmuth and Meffert
Raises important and fundamental questions concerning electromagnetism theory and quantum mechanics
Provides the steps in finding answers for the highly debated questions